Yellow Fever

Fela Kuti's 'Yellow Fever' is a powerful critique of the practice of skin bleaching, a phenomenon that has been prevalent in many African societies. The song uses the metaphor of 'fever' to describe various societal issues, including the obsession with lighter skin. By listing different types of fevers, such as malaria, jaundice, and influenza, Kuti sets the stage to introduce 'yellow fever' as a metaphor for the artificial alteration of one's skin color through bleaching.

The lyrics emphasize that all fevers, including 'yellow fever,' are forms of sickness. Kuti contrasts 'original' fevers, which are natural illnesses, with 'artificial' fevers, which are self-inflicted through the use of skin-bleaching products. He vividly describes the physical consequences of bleaching, such as yellowing skin, weakened body, and uneven skin tone, to highlight the absurdity and dangers of this practice. The repetition of 'you dey bleach' serves as a direct confrontation to those who engage in skin bleaching, calling it a 'stupid thing,' 'yeye thing,' and 'ugly thing.'

Kuti's critique extends beyond the physical effects to address the psychological and social implications. He points out that people who bleach their skin often believe they look better, but he vehemently disagrees, stating, 'Na lie, you no fine at all!' This line underscores the internalized racism and colonial mentality that drives individuals to alter their natural appearance. By addressing 'African mother' and 'Sissi wey dey go,' Kuti speaks directly to African women, urging them to embrace their natural beauty and reject the harmful practice of skin bleaching.

The song also touches on the economic aspect of skin bleaching, mentioning the cost of bleaching products and the futility of spending money on something that ultimately causes harm. The repeated questioning of 'Who steal my bleaching?' and the subsequent mocking response of 'Foolish!' further emphasize the irrationality of the practice. Through 'Yellow Fever,' Fela Kuti delivers a compelling message about self-acceptance, cultural pride, and the rejection of harmful beauty standards imposed by colonial influences.