Refavela

Gilberto Gil's 'Refavela' is a rich and evocative exploration of life in the favelas of Brazil, capturing the vibrancy, struggles, and dreams of its inhabitants. The song's title itself, a portmanteau of 'favela' and 'revelar' (to reveal), sets the stage for a lyrical journey that unveils the multifaceted reality of these communities. Gil's use of the repetitive phrase 'Iaiá, kiriê' adds a rhythmic and almost spiritual dimension to the song, grounding it in a sense of cultural and communal identity.

The lyrics paint a vivid picture of the favela's dynamic environment, where the 'preto pobre' (poor black person) strives for a better life, symbolized by the 'salto' (leap) from a humble shack to a BNH housing block. This leap is not just physical but also metaphorical, representing aspirations for social mobility and a better future. The song also highlights the paradoxical nature of the samba schools, which, while deeply rooted in Brazilian culture, speak a 'língua internacional' (international language), reflecting the global influence and universal appeal of samba.

'Refavela' delves into the cultural and generational shifts within the favela, noting the rise of the 'black jovem' (young black) and the 'black-Rio' movement, which brought new styles and dances to the forefront. The song juxtaposes the harsh realities of favela life with the beauty and resilience of its people, describing the 'favela-inferno' (favela-hell) and the 'céu' (sky) of 'baby-blue-rock' above the 'povo-chocolate-e-mel' (chocolate-and-honey people). This contrast underscores the complex interplay of joy and suffering, hope and despair, that defines the favela experience.

Ultimately, 'Refavela' is a celebration of the favela's rich cultural tapestry, blending 'alegoria' (allegory), 'elegia' (elegy), 'alegria' (joy), and 'dor' (pain). Gil's lyrics weave together themes of fear, secrecy, and love, creating a 'rico brinquedo' (rich toy) of samba-enredo (samba plot). The song's closing lines evoke the historical and cultural connections to Africa, with references to the 'marfim da costa' (ivory coast) of Nigeria, juxtaposing 'miséria' (misery) with 'roupa de cetim' (satin clothes), highlighting the enduring spirit and resilience of the favela's people.