Ten Duel Commandments

Lin-Manuel Miranda's 'Ten Duel Commandments' from the musical 'Hamilton' is a fascinating exploration of the rules and rituals surrounding dueling in the 18th century. The song is structured as a step-by-step guide, echoing the famous 'Ten Commandments' from the Bible, but instead of religious edicts, it lays out the protocol for settling disputes through duels. This juxtaposition highlights the gravity and formality with which duels were treated, almost as if they were sacred rites.

The song begins with the enumeration of the ten steps, each one detailing a specific part of the dueling process. From issuing the challenge and selecting a 'second' (a trusted friend to oversee the duel) to negotiating terms and preparing for the possibility of death, the lyrics meticulously outline the procedure. This methodical approach underscores the seriousness of dueling, which was seen as a matter of personal honor and reputation. The inclusion of a doctor 'for deniability' and the emphasis on civility even in such a violent context reflect the paradoxical nature of duels—simultaneously brutal and bound by a strict code of conduct.

The dialogue between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr within the song adds a layer of dramatic tension and moral questioning. Hamilton's insistence that 'your man has to answer for his words' contrasts with Burr's pragmatic view that 'duels are dumb and immature.' This exchange not only humanizes the historical figures but also invites the audience to reflect on the futility and tragedy of such conflicts. The final steps, culminating in the command to 'fire,' bring the listener to the brink of the duel's deadly conclusion, leaving a lingering sense of inevitability and loss.

'Ten Duel Commandments' serves as a microcosm of the larger themes in 'Hamilton'—honor, legacy, and the high stakes of personal and political conflicts. Through its clever structure and poignant dialogue, the song captures the complex interplay of duty, pride, and the human cost of adhering to a rigid code of honor.